The evaluation

 The evaluation will be global and continuous. An initial evaluation will be made at the beginning of each DU. The evaluation will also be done during the T-L process and at the end of each DU, this being the starting point for the next unit.

Likewise, the evaluation will be objective and subjective, evaluating both quantitative and qualitative aspects.

It is also important the self-evaluation by the student and the self-evaluation of the teacher on his professional work and that allows a self-reflection on his practice.
In the evaluation, as I have previously indicated, three moments are distinguished: at the beginning, during and at the end of the DU. During these moments, the teachers will take note of the level of knowledge or physical level that the students have, in such a way that they can offer them the best possible feedback.

The evaluation in Physical Education becomes a valuable tool to carry out the follow-up, evaluation and improvement of the processes that allow learning to be achieved, therefore, learning and evaluating go hand in hand. Consequently, the evaluation must be continuous, formative, integrating and shared, not being reduced to a specific moment, it will contemplate the progression of the students and will attend to the different rhythms and starting points.

 The associated evaluation instruments will be varied and endowed with diagnostic and improvement capacity, prevailing the instruments related to observation techniques and techniques of analysis of student performance, with respect to those other instruments linked to performance techniques. In the Physical Education area you can use: the teacher's notebook; the tabs of the session; the student notebook; self-assessment by the teacher and the student through sheets, questionnaires and reflections on the level of motor skills acquired, coexistence within the group and motivation towards the area; the individual and group co-evaluation sheets, in this way the students themselves learn and evaluate the competences acquired by their classmates, the dynamics of thought and reflection, the tests or final productions and also the instruments created by the teachers themselves.

II) PSYCHO EVOLUTIONARY ASPECTS OF THE CHILD IN THE THIRD CYCLE: 10-12 YEARS OLD

a) Psychomotor development

• Passage from the global movement to the differentiated one.
• Functional independence.
• Right-left independence of the arms and legs with respect to the trunk.
• Transposition of self-knowledge to knowledge of others.
• Autonomy when preparing and carrying out a task.
• Has fully developed laterality.
• In spatial orientation, he will go from projective space to a true space in which he respects proportions and measurements.
• Is able to estimate durations with some precision.
• Due to all these evolutions, it is the most suitable stage for practicing team games.

b) Socioaffective development

 
• The first differences between the social behavior of boys and girls appear. sexual identification.
• Reduction of the group of friends: creation of gangs with close ties between their members.
• Opposition to the social world and age of secrets.
• Good relationship between the adult and the teacher.
• Beginning of puberty, appearance of intimacy.
• Childhood maturity stage: reactivation of repressed childish tendencies, which contrasts with adolescent behaviors or that are close to adulthood.
• The "popular", the "leaders" and the "rejected" emerge.

c) Intellectual development

• The period of abstract thought begins.
• Separation of the inner world from the outside and constitution of a relatively complex system of values ​​with rules of the game, social conduct...
• Not only accumulates data but is capable of formulating hypotheses explaining things.
• He gradually acquires a command of attention, depending on the interest that the activity arouses in him, but it will not be until later when the habit of understanding appears.
• Imagination suffers a halt because all knowledge must go through verification.

 

PE in the primary education

 0) INTRODUCTION

The Physical Education area in the primary education stage faces a series of challenges that imply, among others, the adoption of an active and healthy lifestyle, knowledge of one's own corporality, gender equality in society, adherence to physical activity as a life project, the approach to cultural manifestations of a motor nature, the integration of responsible attitudes with the environment or the development of decision-making processes that intervene in the resolution of motor situations.

For all these reasons, this area contributes to building a true competence that goes far beyond the motor, reporting innumerable benefits in neurocognitive development. The social development of the student is encouraged by offering scenarios for personal acceptance and the resolution of conflicts between equals and paths are opened to develop the emotional intelligence of the student body, being for all this, an area of ​​capital importance for the integral development of the student body.

These tools should be used to lay the foundations that allow students to consolidate habits in the compulsory secondary education stage to later perpetuate them.

The Physical Education area aims to give continuity to the learning acquired through the areas of Communication and Representation of Reality and Growth in Harmony in the early childhood education stage. In addition, the training that the students acquire has its continuity in the Physical Education subject that they will receive in compulsory secondary education, providing a sequenced and progressive learning throughout the different educational stages.


I) RELATIONSHIP WITH THE STAGE OBJECTIVES


The Physical Education area allows students to develop the necessary skills to achieve the objectives of the primary education stage, in the following terms:

Through respect and tolerance in the development of motor practices, through the constructive resolution of possible conflicts that may arise in collective motor situations or showing attitudes contrary to violence in the habitual practices of the area, it contributes to the students knowing the rules of coexistence and learn to act in accordance with them, as well as the knowledge and appreciation of the values ​​that allow you to respect others and their rights.

It also contributes to the development of individual and, especially, team work habits, as well as the promotion of habits of effort and discipline, thanks to the practice of exercises and physical activities, highlighting the importance of perseverance when facing mistakes. as learning opportunities, as well as anxiety management.

Likewise, the work on content related to emotional management, social skills and fair play allows students to acquire skills for the peaceful resolution of conflicts and the prevention of violence in the field of the subject itself, extrapolated to the school environment. , family and social.

In addition, through the treatment of mental and social health contents, through the development of positive relationships in functional contexts of physical and sports practice, especially those linked to artistic-expressive culture and sport as a cultural manifestation, students will be able to understand and respect different cultures, the differences between people, equal rights and opportunities for men and women, and will generate rejection behaviors in situations of discrimination.

This area also contributes to the appropriate and functional use of the Spanish language and the development of reading habits. The search for information through different media, the reading, analysis and interpretation of texts related to the area and the realization of works, together with the use of oral and/or written language to present them and express ideas and arguments, will help their achievement.

Likewise, the learning of terms related to foreign languages ​​and their use in contexts of motor practice or in more theoretical situations, will contribute to the acquisition by students of basic communicative competence in foreign languages.

On the other hand, carrying out estimates and elementary calculation or geometry operations, mainly linked to the organization and management of physical activity and interaction with the environment, contributes to the development of basic mathematical skills.

Carrying out physical activity in the natural environment and taking care of the body and putting into practice a healthy lifestyle will allow students to learn fundamental aspects of Natural Sciences. In the same way, the development of contents related to the cultural identity of the sport or its history, as well as the work in the practice of rhythmic activities and expressive, it will help students to also know aspects related to Social Sciences, Geography, History and Culture.

In addition, from this area, the development of basic technological skills and the promotion of a critical spirit in their use will be sought in students, thanks to the use of digital tools as a support resource and as a means of communication and obtaining information.

From the area, content related to the recognition and implementation of different artistic-expressive manifestations will be worked on, which will allow students to start building visual and audiovisual proposals.

In the same way, and in a way, from this area, situations and motor activities are presented to the students that will lead them to value hygiene and health, to accept their own body and that of others, to respect differences and use education. fitness, sports and nutrition as means to promote their personal and social development.

In the same way, the protection of the immediate environment and of the animals and plants that live in it will help students adopt behaviors that favor empathy and care.

Finally, from the Physical Education area, by interacting with the environment, content related to road education for pedestrians will be developed, which will allow the generation of autonomous, safe and healthy active mobility habits, promoting respectful attitudes that will affect the prevention of accidents. traffic accidents.

Physical Activity

 Any type of physical activity usually responds to the intrinsic motivations of those who practice it, in addition to promoting interpersonal relationships, amongst others.

Sedentary brings the risk of illnesses, such as obesity, hypertension, high cholesterol and unhealthy habits, such as alcohol and tobacco consumption, which can all lead to heart attacks and strokes. We must remember that a lot of people dies due to sedentary lifestyle.

We can say that a healthy lifestyle is everyone´s desire and that´s the way we want to live and phsyical activity can help us to achieve this. Regular physical activity promotes good feelings, increases body temperature which reduces muscle tension, and promotes relaxation, regulates biorhthms, and improves sleep, has antidepressant and tranquilising effects, brings feelings of wellbeing, eliminates stress, and helps to gain increased autonomy and self-confidence.

There are many activities that we can practise in the natural environment such as rock climbing, rappelling, hayaking or paragliding, amongst many others. 

Physical exercise promotes health, and must therefore be integrated into the scheme of life, mor as a habit, without becoming a sacrifice or obligation, but rather lead to an entertanining and more rewarding experience.

Gymnastics.- its a form of physical exercise characterised by activities and systematic exercises which pursue specific therapeutic, educational and competitive purpose.

Sports.-  it is any physical activity that has a competitive purpose and is subject to fixed rules. Different outdoor recreational activities such as mountain climbing and diving are also included in this category.

Physical Education.- it is the discipline that deals with the teaching and learning of the different fields of physical activity. Its purpose is to promote the development of the body and spread the benefits derived from its practice.

Physical exercise and health

The human body is designed to move and a sedentary life usually leads to diseases and even premature death.

There are many health benefits in performing regular physical activity and its impact can be seen at many levels:

• Cardiac.- reduces the risk of coronary heart disease, because it increases the size of the heart and reduces heart rate so that the organ gets less tired.
• Vascular.- the number of red blood cells, leukocytes and lymphocytes, increases and improves blood circulation and elasticity of the arteries.
• Respiratory: increases lung capacity and decreases the number of breaths per minute.
• Muscular: muscles gain strength and endurance, increase in size and elasticity and improve motor coordination.
• When we perform physical exercises, our bodies release endorphins, substances responsible for the sensation of pleasure and well-being achieved after the activity.
• Bone: increases bone density, vascularization and bone mineral retention.
• Articular: strengthens the elements constituting the joints, that is, cartilage, ligaments...
• Metabolic: increases the level of good cholesterol and lowers that of bad cholesterol, maintains glucose at adequate levels and facilitates the removal of toxins.
  
• Mental:  brings a sense of general well-being, improves mood and emotions and increaes self-image, reduces anxity and stress, helps to fight depression and reduces the risk ot its appearance.
• Other benefits: in addition to he above, physical exercise reduces the risk of some cancers and diabetes, helps to control obesity and excess weight, increases stamina to perform physical tasks...